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Misconception 5 of 10

Reproduction of Headache

That reproduction of headache when examining the upper cervical structures is inappropriate… is to be avoided – wrong! It is crucial!

Reproduction (and resolution) is exactly what is needed24 – without it you are in ‘no man’s (or woman’s) land’… the guessing game continues!

References:

  1. Kaube H, Katasavara Z, Przywara S, Drepper J, Ellrich J, Diener HC. Acute migraine headache. Possible sensitization of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus? Neurology 2002; 58:1234-1238
  2. Katsavara Z, Lehnerdt G, Duda B, Ellrich J, Diener HC, Kaube H. Sensitization of trigeminal nociception specific for migraine but not pain of sinusitis. Neurology 2002; 59:1450-1453
  3. Katsavara Z, Giffin N, Diener HC, Kaube H. Abnormal habituation of ‘nociceptive’ blink reflex in migraine – evidence for increased excitability of trigeminal nociception. Cephalalgia 2003; 23:814-819
  4. Sandrini G, Cecchini AB, Milanov I, Tassorelli C, Buzzi MG, Nappi G. Electrophysiological evidence for trigeminal neuron sensitisation in patients with migraine. Neurosci Lett 2002; 317:135-138
  5. Nardone R, Ausserer H, Bratti A, Covi M, Lochner P, Marth R, Florio I, Tezzon F. Trigemino-Cervical Reflex Abnormalities in Patients with Migraine and Cluster Headache. Headache 2008; 48(4):578-585
  6. Nardone R, Tezzon F. The trigemino-cervical reflex in tension-type headache. European Journal of Neurology 2003; 10(3):307-312
  7. Varlibas A, Erdemoglu Ak. Altered trigeminal system excitability in menstrual migraine patients. The Journal of Headache and Pain 2009; 10(4):277-282
  8. Watson DH, Drummond PD. Head Pain Referral During Examination of the Neck in Migraine and Tension-Type Headache. Headache 2014;54:1035-1045
  9. Rothbart P. The cervicogenic headache: A pain in the neck. Can J Diagnos 1996; 13: 64–71.
  10. Takmaz AS, Inan N, Ucler S, Yazar MA, Inan L, Basar H. Greater occipital nerve block in migraine headache: Preliminary results of 10 patients. 2008 Jan;20(1):47-50
  11. Yi X et al Cervicogenic headache in patients with presumed migraine missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis? J Pain. 2005 Oct;6(10):700-3
  12. Young WB, Marmura M, Ashkenazi A, Evans RW. Expert opinion: Greater occipital nerve and other anesthetic injections for primary headache disorders. 2008;48:1122-1125
  13. Rozen T. Cessation of hemiplegic migraine auras with greater occipital nerve blockade. Headache 2007;47:917-928
  14. Peres MF, Stiles MA, Siow HC. Greater occipital nerve blockade for cluster headache. Cephalalgia 2002;22:520-522
  15. Porta-Etessam J, Cuadrado ML, Galán L, Sampedro A, Valencia C. Temporal response to bupivacaine bilateral great occipital block in a patient with SUNCT syndrome. J Headache Pain 2010 Apr;11(2):179
  16. Tobin J,Stephen Flitman S. Nerve Blocks: When and What to Inject? Headache 2009;49(10):1479-85
  17. Pascual J. Treatment of hemicrania continua by occipital nerve stimulation with a bion device. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2009 Feb;13(1):3-4
  18. Jasper JF, Hayek SM. Implanted occipital nerve stimulators. Pain Physician 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):187-200
  19. Goadsby PJ. Neurostimulation in primary headache syndromes. Expert Rev Neurother 2007 Dec;7(12):1785-9
  20. Burns B, Watkins L, Goadsby PJ. Treatment of hemicrania continua by occipital nerve stimulation with a bion device: Long term follow-up of a crossover study. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:1001-1012
  21. de Tommaso M, Guido M, Libro G, Sciruicchio V, Puca F. Zolmitriptan reverses blink reflex changes induced during the migraine attack in humans. Neurosci Lett 2000 Jul 28;289(1):57-60
  22. Hoskin KL, Kaube H, Goadsby PJ. Sumatriptan can inhibit trigeminal afferents by an exclusively neural mechanism. Brain1996; 119:1419-28
  23. Kaube H, Katasavara Z, Przywara S, Drepper J, Ellrich J, Diener HC. Acute migraine headache. Possible sensitization of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus? Neurology 2002; 58:1234-1238
  24. Watson DH, Drummond PD Cervical Referral of Head Pain in Migraineurs: Effects on the Nociceptive Blink Reflex. Headache 2014;54:1035-1045
  25. Rozen TD, Haynes GV, Saper JR, Sheftell FD. Abrupt onset and termination of cutaneous allodynia (central sensitization) during attacks of SUNCT. Headache 2005;45:153-155
  26. Cooper G, Bailey B, Bogduk N. Cervical zygapophysial joint pain maps. Pain Med 2007;8:344-353
  27. Sjaastad O, Fredriksen TA, Pfaffenrath V. Cervicogenic headache: diagnostic criteria. Headache1998; 38: 442–5.!
  28. Sjaastad O1, Fredriksen TA. Cervicogenic headache: criteria, classification and epidemiology. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000; 18(2 Suppl 19): S3-6.
  29. Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society.The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn. Cephalalgia 2004; 24 (Suppl. 1): 1–151.!
  30. Porter RW, Miller CG. Back pain and trunk list. Spine. 1986;11:596–600.
  31. McKenzie RA, May S. Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy: The Lumbar Spine. 2nd ed. Waikanae, NZ: Spinal Publications; 2003.
  32. Suk KS, Lee HM, Moon SH, Kim NH. Lumbosacral scoliotic list by lumbar disc herniation. Spine. 2001;26: 667–671.
  33. Mercer S, Bogduk N. The ligaments and anulus fibrosus of human adult cervical intervertebral discs. Spine 1999;24: 619–626!
  34. Mercer SR, Jull GA. Review: morphology of the cervical intervertebral disc: implications for McKenzie’s model of the disc derangement syndrome. Manual Therapy 1996; 2: 76–81
  35. Pfaffenrath V, Dandekar R, Mayer ETh, Hermann G, Pöllmann W. Cervicogenic Headache: Results of Computer-Based Measurements of Cervical Spine Mobility in 15 Patients Cephalalgia, March 1988; vol. 8, 1: pp. 45-48.
  36. Sizer PS, Phelps V, Azevedo E, Haye A, Vaught M. Diagnosis and Management of Cervicogenic Headache. Pain Pract 2005 Sep;5(3):255-74.